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1.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(3): 180-185, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787334

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: To culture quiescent human keratocytes and evaluate the effects of ultraviolet light and riboflavin on human corneal keratocytes in vitro. Methods: Keratocytes were obtained from remaining corneoscleral ring donor corneas previously used in corneal transplant surgeries and cultured in DMEM/F12 with 2% FBS until confluence. Characterization of cultured cells was performed by immunofluorescence analysis for anti-cytokeratin-3, anti-Thy-1, anti-α-smooth muscle actin, and anti-lumican. Immunofluorescence was performed before and after treatment of cultured cells with either ultraviolet light or riboflavin. Corneal stromal cells were covered with collagen (200 µL or 500 µL) and 0.1% riboflavin, and then exposed to ultraviolet light at 370 nm for 30 minutes. After 24 hours, cytotoxicity was determined using MTT colorimetric assays, whereas cell viability was assessed using Hoechst 33342 and propidium iodide. Results: Cell cultures achieved confluence in approximately 20 days. Expression of the lumican was high, whereas no expression of CK3, Thy-1, and α-SMA was observed. After crosslinking, MTT colorimetric assays demonstrated a low toxicity rate, whereas Hoechst 33342/propidium iodide staining demonstrated a low rate of apoptosis and necrosis, respectively, in all collagen-treatment groups. Conclusion: Keratocytes can be successfully cultured in vitro and characterized by immunofluorescence using lumican. MTT colorimetric assays, and Hoechst 33342, and propidium iodide staining demonstrated a higher rate of cell death in cells cultured without collagen, indicating collagen protects keratocytes from the cytotoxic effects of ultraviolet light.


RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da aplicação da luz ultravioleta e riboflavina sobre ceratócitos da córnea humana in vitro. Métodos: Os ceratócitos foram obtidos a partir das rimas corneoesclerais remanescentes da trepanação de córneas previamente utilizadas em cirurgias de transplante de córnea e cultivadas em meio DMEM/F12 com 2% de FBS até atingir confluência. As culturas de células foram caracterizadas por imunofluorescência com os anticorpos K3 (marcador de células epiteliais), Thy-1 (marcador de fibroblasto) SMA (marcador de miofibroblasto) e Lumican (marcador de ceratócitos). Imunofluorescência também foi feita após o tratamento. As células do estroma da córnea foram cobertas com colágeno (200 µL e 500 µL) e 0,1% de riboflavina e exposta a luz UVA a 370 nm por 30 minutos. Após 24 horas, citotoxicidade foi determinada por ensaio de MTT e a viabilidade celular foi feita por Hoechst 33342/Iodeto de propideo. Resultados: As culturas de células atingiram confluência em aproximadamente 20 dias. Imunofluorescência apontou alta expressão para o marcador de ceratócitos (Lumican) e expressão negativa par os marcadores de células epiteliais (K3), fibroblasto (Thy-1) e miofibroblasto (α-SMA). Após o cross linking a análise de MTT mostrou baixa taxa de toxicidade e com a coloração de Hoechst 33342/Iodeto de propideo baixa taxa de apoptose e necrose respectivamente em todos os grupos que continham colágeno. Conclusão: As culturas de ceratócitos foram obtidas e caracterizadas por imunofluorescência através do marcador Lumican com sucesso. O ensaio de MTT e a coloração por Hoechst 33342 e iodeto de propídio, apresentaram maior índice de morte celular nos grupos que não continham colágeno, provando que protege as células contra os efeitos da luz UVA.


Subject(s)
Humans , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Ultraviolet Rays , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Corneal Keratocytes/drug effects , Corneal Keratocytes/radiation effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cell Survival/radiation effects , Cells, Cultured , Analysis of Variance , Fluorescent Antibody Technique , Collagen/pharmacology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/radiation effects , Corneal Stroma/cytology , Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Fibroblasts/radiation effects , Formazans , Necrosis
2.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 79(3): 151-154, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-787330

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Purpose: The present study aimed to report the outcomes of patients with progressive keratoconus who were treated via accelerated crosslinking (CXL) 6 months earlier and to determine the factors that promoted improved visual acuity after treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included 35 eyes of 34 patients with progressive keratoconus who underwent CXL. Topographical measurements were obtained preoperatively and in the first, third, and sixth months postoperatively using a rotating Scheimpflug camera. The uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), flat keratometry (K) value (K1), steep K value (K2), average K value (avgK), topographic cylindrical value (Cyl), apical keratoscopy front (AKf), apical keratoscopy back (AKb), symmetry index front (SIf), symmetry index back (SIb), and thinnest point of the cornea (ThkMin) were recorded. Results: At the 6-month follow-up, the mean UCVA and BCVA values were improved, and the K values remained stable. Statistically significant decreases in AKf (p=0.04) and the thinnest point of the cornea (p=0.001) and a statistically significant increase in AKb (p=0.01) were observed. A correlation analysis revealed that the preoperative BCVA, UCVA, K1, K2, avgK, AKf, and AKb values significantly affected visual acuity at the 6-month follow-up. Conclusions: Accelerated CXL is an effective treatment for the prevention or even reversal of keratoconus progression. The preoperative K values and apexes of the anterior and posterior cornea were found to affect visual acuity at 6 months after accelerated CXL. Both AKb steepening and AKf flattening appear to be important factors in the stabilization of keratometric values and improvement of visual outcomes.


RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo é relatar os resultados do sexto mês após o tratamento de crosslinking acelerado (CXL) em pacientes com ceratocone progressivo e determinar os fatores que afetam a melhora da acuidade após o tratamento. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, foram incluídos 35 olhos de 34 pacientes com ceratocone progressivo que se submeteram CXL. Acuidade visual não corrigida (UCVA) e melhor acuidade visual corrigida (BCVA) foram registradas. Medidas topográficas foram obtidas utilizando uma câmara Scheimpflug rotativa no pré-operatório e no 1º, 3º e 6º meses após a cirurgia. Os valores de ceratometria (K) mais plana (K1), K mais curva (K2), médio de K (avgK), astigmatismo topográfico (Cyl), ápice anterior da ceratoscopia (AKf), ápice posterior da ceratoscopia (AKb), índice anterior de simetria (SIf), índice posterior de simetria (SIb) e ponto mais fino da córnea (ThkMin) foram avaliados. Resultados: A média UCVA e BCVA melhoraram, enquanto valores de K ficaram estáveis 6º mês. Houve uma diminuição estatisticamente significativa na AKf e um aumento estatisticamente significativo na AKb (p=0,04, p=0,01, respectivamente). O ponto mais fino da córnea diminuiu significativamente (p=0,001). Na análise de correlações, além da UCVA e BCVA pré-operatórias; valores K1, K2, avgK, AKf e AKb pré-operatórios influenciaram significativamente a acuidade visual no 6º mês de acompanhamento. Conclusões: CXL acelerado é uma forma eficaz de tratamento na prevenção ou no mesmo inversão da progressão do ceratocone. A acuidade visual no 6º mês após CXL acelerado foi afetada a partir dos valores de K e dos ápice anterior e posterior da córnea. Encurvamento do AKb e aplanamento do AKf parecem ser fatores importantes na estabilização dos valores ceratométricos e na melhora da acuidade visual.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Young Adult , Visual Acuity/drug effects , Collagen/therapeutic use , Cross-Linking Reagents/therapeutic use , Keratoconus/drug therapy , Postoperative Period , Reference Values , Riboflavin/therapeutic use , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Time Factors , Ultraviolet Rays , Reproducibility of Results , Retrospective Studies , Collagen/pharmacology , Treatment Outcome , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Disease Progression , Corneal Topography , Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology , Preoperative Period
3.
Full dent. sci ; 4(16): 621-625, out. 2013.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-695737

ABSTRACT

Esforços têm sido concentrados na busca de um fármaco que tenha eficácia clínica no processo de cicatrização de feridas odontológicas. O complexo B pode ser importante no processo de cicatrização e reparação porque é constituído por nutrientes necessários às funções fisiológicas normais ou às reações metabólicas específicas. Além disso, a terapia com laser de baixa intensidade modula vários processos biológicos em modelos animais e em humanos, estimulando a síntese de colágeno, promovendo o processo de regeneração do músculo esquelético após injúria, diminuindo a resposta inflamatória, elevando a neoformação de vasos sanguíneos e auxiliando no processo de cicatrização. Desta maneira, é relevante o estudo da influência do complexo B e do laser de baixa intensidade na tentativa de melhorar o processo de cicatrização de feridas odontológicas, aumentando a eficácia clínica. Essa revisão bibliográfica sugere que tanto o laser de baixa intensidade como o complexo B podem aumentar o processo de cicatrização em feridas e procedimentos odontológicos.


Currently, efforts have been concentrated in the search for a drug clinically efficient on healing dental wounds. The B complex may be important in wound healing process since it is composed of nutrients necessary for normal physiological functions or for specific metabolic reactions. The low intensity laser therapy modulates various biological processes in both animals and humans stimulating collagen synthesis, promoting the regeneration process of skeletal muscle injury after injury In addition it reduces the inflammatory response, increasing the formation of new blood vessels and aiding the healing process. Therefore it is important to study the influence of B complex and of low intensity laser aiming to improve the healing process of dental wounds, increasing clinical efficacy. This literature review suggests that both B complex and low intensity laser therapy can improve the healing process of dental wounds and dental procedures.


Subject(s)
Pantothenic Acid/pharmacology , Adenine/pharmacology , Wound Healing , Niacinamide/pharmacology , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Low-Level Light Therapy , Thiamine/pharmacology , /pharmacology , /pharmacology
4.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 76(3): 155-158, maio-jun. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-681847

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To evaluate the thinnest corneal thickness changes during and after corneal collagen cross-linking treatment with ultraviolet-A irradiation, using hypo-osmolar riboflavin solution in thin corneas. METHODS: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients were included in this study. After epithelium removal, iso-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin solution was instilled to the cornea every 3 minutes for 30 minutes. Hypo-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin solution was then applied every 20 seconds for 5 minutes or until the thinnest corneal thickness reached 400 µm. Ultraviolet-A irradiation was performed for 30 minutes. During irradiation, iso-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin drops were applied every 5 minutes. Ultrasound pachymetry was performed at approximately the thinnest point of the cornea preoperatively, after epithelial removal, after iso-osmolar riboflavin instillation, after hypo-osmolar riboflavin instillation, after ultraviolet-A irradiation, and at 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment. RESULTS: Mean preoperative thinnest corneal thickness was 380 ± 11 µm. After epithelial removal it decreased to 341 ± 11 µm, and after 30 minutes of iso-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin drops, to 330 ± 7.6 µm. After hypo-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin drops, mean thinnest corneal thickness increased to 418 ± 11 µm. After UVA irradiation, it was 384 ± 10 µm. At 1, 6 and 12 months after treatment, it was 372 ± 10 µm, 381 ± 12.7, and 379 ± 15 µm, respectively. No intraoperative, early postoperative, or late postoperative complications were noted. CONCLUSIONS: Hypo-osmolar 0.1% riboflavin solution seems to be effective for swelling thin corneas. The swelling effect is transient and short acting. Corneal thickness should be monitored throughout the procedure. Larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are required in order to make meaningful conclusions regarding safety.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar as alterações da espessura mínima da córnea durante e após o cross-linking do colágeno corneano com radiação ultravioleta A e solução hipo-osmolar de riboflavina em córneas finas. MÉTODOS: Dezoito olhos de 18 pacientes foram incluídos neste estudo. Após a remoção do epitélio, solução iso-osmolar de riboflavina 0,1% foi instilada a cada 3 minutos por 30 minutos. Solução hipo-osmolar de riboflavina 0,1% foi então aplicada a cada 20 segundos por 5 minutos ou até que a espessura mínima da córnea atingisse 400 µm. Irradiação UVA foi feita durante 30 minutos. Durante a irradiação, riboflavina iso-osmolar 0,1% foi aplicada a cada 5 minutos. Paquimetria ultrassônica foi realizada no ponto mais fino da córnea antes da cirurgia, após a remoção do epitélio, após a instilação de riboflavina iso-osmolar, após a instilação de riboflavina hipo-osmolar, após a irradiação com UVA e após 1, 6 e 12 meses do tratamento. RESULTADOS: Antes da cirurgia, a espessura mínima da córnea era de 380 ± 11 µm. Após a remoção do epitélio, este valor foi reduzido para 341 ± 11 µm e após 30 minutos de riboflavina iso-osmolar, caiu para 330 ± 7,6 µm. Após a riboflavina hipo-osmolar, a espessura mínima da córnea aumentou para 418 ± 11 µm. Após a irradiação com UVA, era de 384 ± 10 µm. Após 1, 6 e 12 meses do tratamento este valor era de 372 ± 10, 381 ± 12,7 e 379 ± 15 µm, respectivamente. Não foram observadas complicações no intra ou no pós-operatório precoce ou tardio. CONCLUSÕES: A solução de riboflavina hipo-osmolar 0,1% parece ser eficaz para edemaciar córnea finas. Este efeito é transitório e de curta duração. A espessura da córnea deveria ser monitorada durante todo o procedimento. Maior número de casos e seguimento prolongado são necessários para tirarmos conclusões quanto à segurança.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Corneal Stroma/drug effects , Corneal Stroma/radiation effects , Cross-Linking Reagents/pharmacology , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Ultraviolet Therapy/methods , Vitamin B Complex/pharmacology , Corneal Pachymetry , Collagen/drug effects , Collagen/radiation effects , Cross-Linking Reagents/therapeutic use , Keratoconus/surgery , Osmolar Concentration , Photochemotherapy , Prospective Studies , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Riboflavin/therapeutic use , Time Factors , Treatment Outcome , Visual Acuity , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use
5.
Arq. bras. oftalmol ; 75(6): 423-426, nov.-dez. 2012. ilus, graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-675627

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess S. aureus in vitro viability after the exposure to ultraviolet light A (UVA) and riboflavin (B2). METHODS: Samples of S. aureus in 96 well plates (in triplicate) were exposed to riboflavin (B2) and ultraviolet light A (365 nm wavelength) at a power density of 3 mW/cm², 8 mm spot diameter, for 30 minutes. Control groups were prepared as well in triplicate: blank control, ultraviolet light A only, riboflavin only and dead bacteria Control. The bacterial viability was measured using fluorescent microscopy. In order to investigate the occurrence of "viable but non-culturable" microorganisms after treatment, the cell viability was also investigated by plate culture procedure onto a broth medium. Statistical analysis was performed using the triplicate values from each experimental condition. RESULTS: No difference was observed among the treatment group and the control samples (p=1). CONCLUSION: The combination of riboflavin 0.1% and ultraviolet light A at 365 nm did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against oxacillin susceptible S. aureus.


OBJETIVO: Avaliar a viabilidade celular de S. aureus in vitro após a exposição de riboflavina (B2) e luz ultravioleta A (UVA). MÉTODOS: Amostras de S. aureus colocadas em uma placa de 96 poços (em triplicata) foram expostas a riboflavina 0,1% (B2) e luz ultravioleta (comprimento de onda de 365 nm) poder de 3 mW/cm², 8 mm de diâmetro, por 30 minutos. Grupos controles foram também preparados em triplicata: controle branco, somente luz ultravioleta A, somente riboflavina e controle morto. A viabilidade bacteriana foi analisada usando microscópio de fluorescência. Para investigar a ocorrência de micro-organismos "viáveis porem não cultiváveis" a viabilidade celular foi avaliada utilizando-se placas de meio de cultivo bacteriano. Analise estatística foi realizada utilizando-se os valores obtidos em triplicata de cada grupo experimental. RESULTADOS: Nenhuma diferença foi observada entre o grupo tratamento e os grupos controle (p=1). CONCLUSÃO: A combinação riboflavina 0,1% e luz ultravioleta 365 nm de comprimento de onda não demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana contra S. aureus oxacilina sensível.


Subject(s)
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Keratitis/microbiology , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology , Staphylococcus aureus/radiation effects , Ultraviolet Rays , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Colony Count, Microbial , Keratitis/drug therapy , Microbial Viability , Photochemotherapy/methods , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Riboflavin/therapeutic use , Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Vitamin B Complex/therapeutic use
6.
Rev. argent. transfus ; 35(4): 263-268, 2009.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-665469

ABSTRACT

Las Tecnologías de Inactivación de Patógenos (TIPS) proveen un camino adicional para proteger el abastecimiento de sangre de agentes conocidos, emergentes y aún desconocidos. El principio precautorio refrendado por la FDA luego de la crisis del VIH/SIDA, establece que para situaciones de incertidumbre científica debiera tenerse en cuenta la posibilidad de riesgo aún en ausencia de pruebas de lo contrario. Pudiera argumentarse entonces que las TIPS representan la quintaesencia del principio precautorio. Si bien se ha acortado el intervalo entre el reconocimiento de un agente a la implementación de medidas para prevenirlo, hay a menudo un periodo de retardo temprano, durante el que una enfermedad no parece representar un riesgo para el receptor o la salud humana en general. El daño causado por ellos se ha mencionado como "una propiedad fija e inevitable de la práctica transfusional". Las TIPS para plasma fresco incluyen las siguientes: MBLT (Tratamiento con Luz y Azul de Metileno). PLT (Tratamiento con Psoralenos y Luz). RFLT (tratamiento con Riboflavina y Luz) además existe un método de Solvente Detergente para pools de plasma. Mientras que para los concentrados de plaquetas se pueden usar el Tratamiento con Luz Ultravioleta y Amotosaleno-UVA. Existe un riesgo potencial en retrasar la implementación de las TIPS mientras se aguarda la evidencia y el sistema absolutamente perfecto de ponerlas en práctica. Llegó el momento de actuar.


Pathogen Inactivation Technology (PIT) provides an additional way to protect the blood supply from agents known, emerging and yet unidentified. The precautionary principie which was first endorsed by FDA after the crisis of HIV / AIDS, states that for situations of scientific uncertainty should be taken into account the possibility of risk even in the absence of proof to the contrary. It could be argued then, that PITs represent the quintessence of the precautionary principie. Almost all of the potential for TTD is eradicated, often before the responsible agent is even recognized. Although the interval between the recognition of an agent to implement measures to prevent it has been shortened, there is often an earlier period of delay, during which a disease does not appear to represent a risk to the recipient or to human health in general. The damage caused bythem has been called a "fixed and inevitable property of transfusion practice." Techniques for pathogen inactivation of plasma include the following. MBLT (Methylene Blue and Light Treatment). PLT (Psoralens and Light Treatment). RFLT (Riboflavin and Light Treatment) in addition, there is a method of Solvent Detergent (SD) for pools of plasma. Techniques for pathogen inactivation of platelets include the following Ultra Violet Light Treatment and Amotosalen- UVA.There is great potential risk in delaying the implementation of Pathogen Inactivation Technologies (PITs) while awaiting the evidence and the absolute pedect system to put it into operation. It is time to act.


Subject(s)
Disinfection/methods , Blood Platelets/microbiology , Plasma/microbiology , Methylene Blue/pharmacology , Methylene Blue/therapeutic use , Phototherapy/methods , Furocoumarins/pharmacology , Furocoumarins/therapeutic use , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Riboflavin/therapeutic use , PUVA Therapy
7.
Indian J Exp Biol ; 1991 Sep; 29(9): 818-22
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-57324

ABSTRACT

Riboflavin upon exposure to UV and visible radiations has been shown to produce active oxygen species. The present work deals with erythrocyte membrane as model system to study the damaging potential of photosensitized riboflavin. Membrane preparations (2.5 mg protein/ml) following exposure to sunlight in presence of riboflavin for different time intervals revealed significant inhibition of ATPases, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase and acetylcholinesterase. Considerable increase in lipid peroxidation was caused by the photosensitized riboflavin. Quenching studies using specific scavengers indicated remarkable inhibition. The production and identification of reactive oxygen species by photosensitized riboflavin and their possible involvement in membrane damaging effect has been discussed.


Subject(s)
Erythrocyte Membrane/drug effects , Free Radicals , Humans , Light , Oxygen/metabolism , Photochemistry , Riboflavin/pharmacology
8.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1980 Mar; 11(1): 97-103
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-31476

ABSTRACT

A supplementation trial was carried out in 101 children, 6-12 years of age, in 3 primary schools in a rural area. Their hemoglobin level and PCV (mean +/- SD) were 11.64 +/- 1.21 g/dl and 0.356 +/- 0.028 respectively, 74% of them were anemic and the hemoglobin level were correlated with the MCHC (P < .01) . Fifty-one per cent of them had hookworm infection and all those with hemoglobin levels below 10 g/dl had hookworm infection, but there was no difference in mean hemoglobin level between those with hookworm infection and those without. The children were divided into 3 groups: Group I comprising 39 children who received placebo tablest; Group II of 33, who received ferrous sulphate (60 mg elemental iron); Group III of 29, who received ferrous sulphate (60 mg elemental iron) with riboflavin (6mg). Each child received one tablet after lunch on schooldays and evaluation was carried out after receiving 80 to 90 tablets. The mean hemoglobin change of Group II was 0.60 g/dl larger than that of Group I (P < .005) with 52% of them responding to iron. The mean hemoglobin change of Group III was 0.38 g/dl larger than that of Group II (P < .005) with 86% of them responding to iron and riboflavin. Thus additional riboflavin is beneficial in iron supplementation.


Subject(s)
Child , Clinical Trials as Topic , Female , Ferrous Compounds/pharmacology , Hematocrit , Hemoglobins/metabolism , Hookworm Infections/blood , Humans , Iron/pharmacology , Male , Mebendazole/therapeutic use , Placebos , Riboflavin/pharmacology , Rural Population , Thailand
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